A Complete Guide to the Decapolis History in Jordan

Decapolis and surrounding area map in Jordan . Map Source : https://bibleatlas.org/

A Complete Guide to the Decapolis History in Jordan

The Decapolis, a group of ten cities on the eastern frontier of the Roman Empire, played a significant role in the history and culture of the region. These cities, known for their Greek and Roman influences, were centers of trade, politics, and culture. Jordan is home to several of these ancient cities, each offering a unique glimpse into the past. This guide explores the history, significance, and key features of the Decapolis cities in Jordan.

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Overview of the Decapolis

The Decapolis was a league of ten cities established during the Hellenistic period and flourished under Roman rule. The term "Decapolis" means "Ten Cities" in Greek, reflecting the league's composition. These cities were:

Philadelphia (Amman)
Gerasa (Jerash)
Gadara (Umm Qais)
Pella (Tabaqat Fahl)
Capitolias (Beit Ras)
Raphana (Abila)
Dion (Tell el-Ashari)
Canatha (Qanawat)
Scythopolis (Beth-Shean)
Hippos (Sussita)

The cities were known for their autonomy, Greco-Roman architecture, and strategic locations that facilitated trade and cultural exchange.

Major Decapolis Cities in Jordan

a. Philadelphia (Amman)

Historical Significance: Known today as Amman, Philadelphia was one of the major cities of the Decapolis. It was named after Ptolemy II Philadelphus and served as a center of trade and culture.
Key Features: The Roman Theater, Nymphaeum, and Citadel are among the most notable landmarks. The theater, built in the 2nd century AD, could seat up to 6,000 people and is still used for cultural events today.

b. Gerasa (Jerash)

Historical Significance: Gerasa, modern-day Jerash, is one of the best-preserved Roman cities in the world. It was a prominent city in the Decapolis due to its prosperity and strategic location.
Key Features: The Oval Plaza, Cardo Maximus (colonnaded street), Hadrian's Arch, and the Temple of Artemis are remarkable examples of Roman architecture and urban planning. Jerash hosts an annual cultural festival that celebrates its rich heritage.

c. Gadara (Umm Qais)

Historical Significance: Gadara, known today as Umm Qais, was renowned for its intellectual and cultural contributions. It was the birthplace of several notable philosophers and poets.
Key Features: The site offers stunning views of the Sea of Galilee and the Golan Heights. Key attractions include the ancient theater, colonnaded streets, and the basilica. The city's location on a hilltop provided natural defenses and a strategic advantage.

d. Pella (Tabaqat Fahl)

Historical Significance: Pella, located in the Jordan Valley, was an important city in the Decapolis due to its fertile surroundings and strategic location along trade routes.
Key Features: The site features remnants of a theater, residential areas, and various temples. Pella's rich history includes periods of occupation by different civilizations, including the Greeks, Romans, and Byzantines.

e. Capitolias (Beit Ras)

Historical Significance: Capitolias, modern-day Beit Ras, was known for its cultural and economic activities within the Decapolis.
Key Features: The city boasts a well-preserved Roman theater, which is a testament to its architectural and cultural heritage. Excavations have also revealed residential areas and public buildings.

Cultural and Historical Significance

The Decapolis cities in Jordan were not only centers of trade and governance but also hubs of cultural and intellectual activity. They played a crucial role in the spread of Greco-Roman culture in the region and served as melting pots where different cultures and traditions mingled. The cities contributed significantly to the arts, philosophy, and architecture, leaving a lasting legacy that can still be witnessed today.

Visiting the Decapolis Cities in Jordan

Exploring the Decapolis cities offers a unique journey through time. Visitors can experience the grandeur of ancient architecture, stroll through colonnaded streets, and imagine life in these bustling urban centers. Jordan Horizons Tours & Travel offers tailored tours to these historical sites, providing insightful guides and comfortable travel arrangements to ensure a memorable experience.

a. Suggested Itinerary:

Day 1: Amman (Philadelphia) - Visit the Roman Theater, Citadel, and Nymphaeum.
Day 2: Jerash (Gerasa) - Explore the Oval Plaza, Cardo Maximus, Hadrian's Arch, and the Temple of Artemis.
Day 3: Umm Qais (Gadara) - Tour the ancient theater, colonnaded streets, and enjoy panoramic views.
Day 4: Pella - Discover the archaeological remains and enjoy the natural beauty of the Jordan Valley.
Day 5: Beit Ras (Capitolias) - Visit the Roman theater and explore ongoing excavations.

The Decapolis cities in Jordan offer a fascinating glimpse into the ancient world, showcasing the region's rich cultural and historical heritage. These cities, with their impressive ruins and storied past, provide an unforgettable experience for history enthusiasts and travelers alike. At Jordan Horizons Tours & Travel, we are dedicated to helping you explore these remarkable sites and uncover the stories they hold. Contact us today to plan your journey through the Decapolis and experience the wonders of ancient Jordan.