Exploring Biblical Arabia: Sacred Sites in Saudi Arabia
Some biblical scholars and explorers identify Jabal al-Lawz in northwestern Saudi Arabia as the possible Mount Sinai where Moses received the Ten Commandments. The mountain stands majestically with blackened peaks and archaeological remains nearby, drawing attention from pilgrims and researchers alike.
Tradition holds that this massive split granite rock is the site mentioned in Exodus 17:6, where Moses struck the rock at Horeb and water miraculously flowed to quench the thirst of the Israelites during the Exodus. The rock stands about 20 feet tall and is visibly split down the middle, with signs of water erosion at its base, adding to its biblical significance.
It is often included in itineraries alongside Jabal al-Lawz (possible Mount Sinai) and the land of Midian.
The region of Midian (modern-day northwest Saudi Arabia) is biblically associated with the Prophet Moses, who lived here after fleeing Egypt. Sites around Al-Bad’ and Maghaer Shu’ayb (Caves of Prophet Jethro) are traditionally connected to Jethro (Shu’ayb), Moses’ father-in-law, and the story of Moses’ exile.
The ancient city of Dedan (today’s Al-Ula) is mentioned in the Bible (Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel) as a significant caravan city. The area is home to rock-hewn tombs and inscriptions, linking it to biblical trade routes. Al-Ula later became part of the Nabataean Kingdom, closely tied to Petra in Jordan.
Tayma, an ancient oasis in northwest Arabia, is referenced in the Bible (Isaiah 21:14; Jeremiah 25:23). Known for its wells and trade significance, Tayma was inhabited by different civilizations and is famously associated with King Nabonidus of Babylon, who lived there for a decade.
Although most traditions place the Queen of Sheba’s kingdom in Yemen/Ethiopia, parts of southern Saudi Arabia (Najran and Asir regions) are often linked to the biblical land of Sheba. Ancient caravan routes through Arabia connected this region with Jerusalem during Solomon’s reign.
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Najran, near the Yemeni border, was a flourishing center of Christianity in Arabia before Islam. It is often linked to biblical references of southern Arabian tribes and became known for its churches and martyrs, making it a site of pilgrimage for Christian history enthusiasts.
Some researchers suggest parts of the Arabian Desert were crossed during the biblical Exodus. The wilderness regions of northwest Saudi Arabia (near the Gulf of Aqaba) are studied for possible links to the Israelites’ journey.
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